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离开委内瑞拉:当这个国家的混乱对我来说太过分了
Amid growing social protests, street blockades and violence, a death threat told me it was time to leave a country I had called home.
It was 8 a.m. on March 11 when I was awoken by a call on my cell phone. “Is that Mr. Mitchell?” a man asked, in Spanish. Yes, I said. In a serious voice, the man told me he was calling on behalf of the local commander of the regional paramilitary force. His boss was afraid that a group of people wanted to harm me. His chief could protect me, the man said, if I handed over 100,000 bolivares ($15,900 at the official exchange rate, $1,540 at the black market rate). To rub in the gravity of the threat, he proceeded to tell me a series of intimate details about me that only a tiny number of people know. Shaken, I put the phone down.
我马上去拜访了一位紧密的朋友,让我们叫他佩德罗,世卫组织在政治上与政府在政治上。佩德罗在Mérida的中心运行旅行社,美丽的安盟城市(地铁地区人口350,000),我在过去的三年里居住。只要我开始告诉他我的故事,他确切地了解它的前在哪里。两年前,他一直是类似敲诈勒索的受害者。正如我们在办公室在办公室说话,我收到了勒索者的另一个电话,询问为什么我早些时候挂断。我说我不想和他说话,并正在警察。他问我哪个分支。我没有回应并挂断电话。
佩德罗告诉我保持冷静,带我参观他的一些叫做Sebin的国家情报服务。在他们的建筑物的停车场,我遇到了两个顽皮的男人。当我开始讲述我的故事时,他们一旦说呼叫者声称他代表准军事指挥官的行为。显然,这条线在敲诈次尝试中使用了很多。代理商甚至没有伤心取消呼叫者的号码。如果他再次打电话,他们建议,我应该咄咄逼人,并告诉他迷失了。后来佩德罗告诉我,那些塞尔宾代理商的声誉为他们被捕的人的一半赃物,并在他们的照顾中殴打人民“。
尽管从勒索者中获得另外五个电话,但我试图在一天内保持冷静,没有那么我回答。那天晚上我和朋友一起去了Mérida最好的餐厅,La Chistorra。旅程通常只需10分钟即可到达我的公寓,但这个夜晚花了45分钟。
Mérida is at the center of opposition protests against the government of Nicolás Maduro, who took over as president in April 2013 after the death of his predecessor and mentor, Hugo Chávez. The protests are being led by students who have erected barricades that block two of the city’s main thoroughfares, Los Próceres and Las Américas. The resulting traffic jams are terrible.
晚餐后,我们找不到出租车。我们发现的城市的出租车司机正在罢工,因为一个未知的团队在那天早些时候偷了两台驾驶队。拉Chistorra的主人给了我们一个升降机。
当我们离开他的委内瑞拉的朋友时,让我们叫他Ricardo,从勒索者中接到我的手机上(这次他从不同的数字呼叫)。当我们进入我的公寓时,男子开始描述我们的衣服以及我们如何回到公寓。我们被关注了。他说,如果我在48小时内没有交出这笔钱,我会被杀死。Ricardo最终将手机放在早上再次谈论后,以获取我们如何交出金钱的细节。恐慌,我们打电话给家人和朋友,包括佩德罗。在恐惧我们的生活中,我在伦敦打电话给外国办事处(我是英国人),并致电全球响应中心,一个人建议敲诈勒索案件的官方建议是联系当地警察。
里卡多反对这一点。在委内瑞拉,他说,生命值得一点,警察很可能什么都不做 - 即,如果他们没有犯罪分子。我倾向于同意。两年半前,四个朋友和我被公寓里的两个武装人员殴打并被抢劫;警察没有什么可以调查。
For me, the extortion threat was the last straw. I knew Latin America well. I had already spent seven and half years living in Buenos Aires and one year in Santiago. When I first moved to Mérida, I fell in love with the place. It is a university city with 70,000 students, located in a stunning lush green valley. I entered a relationship quickly and made many friends. Most Venezuelan people are extraordinarily warm and charming and exhibit a Caribbean love of life. I thought I would spend many years living there.
我之前在拉丁美洲经历过小犯罪,但正如我很快发现的那样,委内瑞拉是一个完整的联盟。对于一个有一些财务意味着的外国人,在邻近的Táchira居住的邻国,在过去几个月里几乎无法居住在邻近。对于一大块委内瑞拉的中产阶级而言,生活变得越来越难,但大多数人都被困就没有钱逃脱。
逃避就是我所做的。在3月13日,在第一个电话后两天,与勒索者的进一步接到勒索者的一个呼叫进一步,我的朋友里卡多和我打包了我们的包,并乘坐了一家由里卡多家庭拥有的农舍,默德达郊外两个小时。第二天,我们从埃尔维亚岛的当地机场飞往首都加拉加斯。星期六,我们逃出了这个国家,不知道什么时候 - 或者 - 我们将返回。
During the past few weeks, I had started to seriously question whether I could continue living in Venezuela. On return from a trip to Colombia at the start of February to report astory for亚博赞助欧冠,我发现了Mérida处于动荡状态。那一周的学生演示在圣克丽可人在一个学生的强奸之后抗议警察的抗议,曾在全国各地引发了更广泛的抗议活动,特别是在反对派股,如Mérida,瓦伦西亚市和瓦拉斯市和马拉卡巴的部分地区。
From the balcony of my apartment in the center of Mérida, I witnessed a confrontation between students and the police, with students hurling rocks and the police responding by firing tear gas.
学生们已经建立了由城市中产阶级地区的闷烧轮胎和树枝制成的路障,只需十分钟即可从我住的地方。学生们说他们正在保护社区Tupamaros或者colectivos那groups of paramilitary vigilantes on motorbikes whom Chávez had promoted as a vanguard of the so-called Bolivarian revolution.
就在我从哥伦比亚回来之后,当一群大约100人骑过我的建筑物穿着巴拉克拉瓦斯和空中挥舞着枪时,我目睹了这些警惕的威胁。当我和朋友一起看时,他们中的一个拍摄了我的阳台。许多反对派支持者说colectivosare employed by the state to terrorize and repress them, like the Basij in Iran.
Two weeks ago, on the back of a motorbike taxi, I visited the barricades on Los Próceres and was shocked by the eerie silence and the sense of desolation and terror. It was no longer clear whether those manning the barricades were students in balaclavas or mercenaries of some kind. We had to pay a small sum to get past one of the barricades, which I understand increases to around 200 bolivares for residents seeking passage in the early hours of the morning.
On March 9 Mérida was in a state of shock after Gisela Rubilar, a 47-year-old Chilean woman studying at the University of Mérida, was shot dead trying to clear a barricade near her home on Las Américas. She was an ardent Chavista who was fed up with the blockade disrupting her life.
我问了一个朋友,在LasAméricas上生活的英国教授,无论她是否喜欢障碍物的存在。经过片刻的暂停,她说如果他们仍然会更好。她担心的是colectivos可能会突破并抢劫居民,2月份在该市的另一部分已经发生的东西。然而,像许多年轻的委内瑞拉人一样,她只是想要“出来”的;她正在考虑搬到哥伦比亚的资本波哥大那where she has relatives. I feel sorry for her, being cooped up in her apartment in the evenings with fear. Every night there are running battles betweencolectivoson motorbikes and the people manning the barricades; often both groups are armed.
在3月9日星期六的早晨,在我收到敲诈勒索的三天,两个朋友 - 英国男子和委内瑞拉女人 - 被一群六个年轻的暴徒靠近我的大楼袭击。那个男人能够抵挡其中三个,但他们与女人的钱包和智能手机一起逃脱,减少了她的眼泪。可悲的是,这已成为这座城市的全面普遍出现。
现在,我已经决定,我再也不能活了in Venezuela, one of the world’s most dangerous countries. According to the委内瑞拉n Violence Observatory是一个非政府组织,去年有24,763名谋杀案,或者每100,000名居民都有79名谋杀症。政府已经停止出版官方数据,这一情况恶化了几年前。
尽管国家坐在地球上最大的石油储备的最大限度的情况下,政府已经将经济纳入地面。通货膨胀率达到56%。政府预算赤字超过国内生产总值的10%。
卫生纸,婴儿配方,尿布和手肥皂等基本产品的短缺猖獗。人们使用餐巾代替卫生纸,即使对于大多数委内瑞拉斯来说,即使这对大多数昂贵来说是昂贵的。否则,他们没有,经常淋浴。
Last week I spent a morning going to seven stores just to find shampoo. People line up for two or three blocks just to obtain the ingredients to make their belovedarepa,由地面玉米面团或熟面粉制成的扁面包。在梅尔纳,政府补贴的公共杂货店,食品价格极为便宜,但这些线路使得人们必须花一个整个早晨排队来获得产品。
薪水很糟糕。最低工资为每月约3,500个枕头,或者在黑市比例下为54美元。在大学学习会计结算后,我的一位矿业职位作为一名公共会计师;他每月获得7,500个枕头。像他这样的人几乎不可能承担出国的航班。
无缝和无政府状态的感觉似乎在吞没了这个国家。中产阶级被政府深感沮丧,被视为无能和腐败。然而,他们也对反对派领导人感到恼火,这些领导人似乎在任何Maduro期间都争夺权力。许多穷人只是对他们的国家发生的事情仍然困惑。Chávez划分委内瑞拉,将中产阶级作为寡头和资产阶级。Maduro通过将中产阶级作为法西斯主义的部分提高了赌注。社会怨恨水平令人惊叹。
It didn’t have to be this way. Venezuela is a country of outstanding natural beauty, tremendous resource wealth and a population of 30 million people, the fifth largest in Latin America. It should be one of the most prosperous countries in the region. Instead, it appears on course to becoming a failed state.