Some market observers predict a global financial crisis in 2016–’17 — one just as serious, if not more so, than that of 2008–’09. With excess liquidity sloshing around global markets and Brazil, China and various commodity exporters experiencing economic turmoil, the stage is being set for another crisis.
Last weekend the International Monetary Fund made its second cut to global growth forecasts this year. Many economic commentators have begun asking what would happen if the next recession hit while interest rates were still far below pre-2008 levels.
Despite these issues, the regulatory foundations built over the past eight years are resilient, and an economic crisis — if it does occur — will not stem from the same causes as those of the late-2000s recession. Indeed, securitization and private sector debt have decreased since 2008. And although public debt ratios are high, very low interest rates offset much of the risk. What’s more, there is no bubble in the stock markets or real estate markets — the U.K.’s markets being the exception. Though there is a bond bubble, central banks are doing all they can to prevent it from bursting.
触发另一个金融危机必须是一个新的震撼,领先的嫌疑人是元的大规模贬值,意外的通货膨胀休克或违约的新兴市场或大量公司。
自2015年第二季度以来,金融脆弱性的迹象一直在增长。欧洲央行去年通过量化宽松采用超扩展货币政策的决定创造了丰富的流动性。该政策又导致资产课程和国家之间的大量资本流动,这可能会导致资本撤回的金融市场崩溃。这种崩溃可以通过意想不到的通货膨胀休克引发,例如严重的地缘政治危机,导致油价再次增加,迫使中央银行提高他们的利率并流行当前的债券泡沫。
这种过剩的流动性有一个上行,介意你。自2015年第二季度以来,欧洲股价一直处于下行趋势,并于2015年12月和2016年1月下降。但由于欧洲央行进一步升高了其扩张性货币政策,因此由于经济脆弱性增加,投资出国对投资者变得不那么有吸引力在欧洲之外,我们留下了欧洲股票,作为唯一可能对流动性投资有吸引力的主要资产类别。
Another potential crisis trigger would be a significant credit incident. The default of a large,像巴西这样的陷入困境的国家或者重要的公司 - 例如美国能源部门的公司 - 将导致美国和欧洲风险保费的增加。由于这些资产的市场相对不足,影响将击中欧元区外围债券和企业债券。当然,从这些证券撤出投资者将意味着风险保费的急剧上涨,而且又导致外围国家的偿付能力和公司融资成本提高。
全球增长司机的变化,最符合中国,中国,也可能引起危机。一些观察者推测,由于人民币贬值降低了中国经济疾病的任何传染都是不合理的,降低了从中国进口的产品价格并降低通货膨胀。
也就是说,有真正的机制可能导致来自中国危机的蔓延。该国的经济和财务状况为两种主要原因会影响欧洲的金融市场。首先,中国行业竞争力的恶化导致中国进口量的下降,因此欧元区对中国的出口量下降,以及与中国交易关系的国家。其次,人民币贬值将导致欧元区出口到中国的价值下降。因此,我们将看到欧洲股价下降,这将导致家庭消费和企业投资较弱。
任何经济预测都取决于无数因素,尽管大小的经济危机大于2008年的经济危机似乎在短期内似乎非常不可能。的确,这是巴塞尔III符合银行资本的改革许多银行家已被录取为一个扩展的MEA CULPA,以便在危机面前如此艰难地错过。
尽管普遍认为roug新的危机hly every eight years — 1990, 1998, 2007–’08 and perhaps 2016 — what seems more likely is a cyclical slowdown in the U.S. and Europe, because of the ongoing decline of the corporate investment cycle in the U.S. and the weakness of exports to emerging-markets and oil-exporting countries. Let’s hope that Brazil continues to float in 2016.
帕特里克艺术是主要经济学家natixis.in Paris.
Get more onmacro。