The current economic cycle exhibits some very unusual characteristics that warrant closer examination. Each year since the 2008–’09 financial crisis, we have seen seasonal slowing in economic data sometime around the first quarter, with the back half of the year posting stronger figures. Why that should be so has been something of a conundrum. To be sure, there have often been significant catalysts that could partially explain the phenomenon, such as the massive earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March 2011, which took a toll on confidence and economies, even in the U.S., or this year’s adverse weather effects and labor disputes at West Coast port facilities. Still, there appears to be something larger going on here.
我们认为解决这个难题的钥匙之一是理解,目前的经济周期是卑鄙的,或者转向平均值。这种趋势在对库存波动特别敏感的经济的生产组件中特别明显,这反过来可以强烈影响国内生产总值的总体增长(见图1)。因此,经济活动的指标指标因前向增长措施而言非常不可靠。至于为什么增长是卑鄙的恢复,一种可能性是货币政策实施和经济影响之间的自然滞后。
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当然,这种经济扩张的阿基尔人的脚跟已经巨大的个人收入增长,这已降低了消费和总需求。然而,现在似乎正在发生变化。如果我们在过去三个月的平均每小时盈利的年度下,我们将以3.9%的速度运行growth in wages。我们认为,这种趋势意味着美国经济增长现在变得越来越高,整体水平较高,最有可能的实际GDP增长率为2.5%至3%,而顽固的2%的平均增长率在扩张中。事实上,我们的一些模型意味着当前增长率为2.8%,这是在可能更新范围的中间。
仍然是更好地了解数据的季节性弱点,问题仍然存在:我们今天在经济周期中在哪里?
Our models indicate that we are in a midcycle expansionary phase in the U.S. in which low interest rates and loose monetary policy continue to support recovery. The seasonal economic slowdown we just experienced is only transitory. Moreover, the consensus probability of a recession for both the U.S. and the euro zone is 10 percent, again suggesting that most believe that the economy is still on a growth trajectory.
令人愉快的是,当我们看待机构投资者和金钱经理的调查报告时,超过60%的人同意我们在经济复苏的中间。亚博赞助欧冠虽然对地缘政治风险和货币政策风险的担忧仍然升高,但业务周期风险和信贷违约风险都会被视为担忧。美国和其他发达国家经济体的不同货币政策的前景正在帮助美国的美元推动,但是,凭借大,投资者并不担心经济周期即将转变。这一事实是在谦虚而不是信贷风险偏好指数的谦虚而不是欣快的水平中捕获(见图2)。
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历史上低利率,充足的流动性和宽松的企业贷款条件支持目前信贷市场。公司正在利用发行环境,以提高低成本资本,鉴于政府债券收益率的弱点,投资者需求对本文仍然强劲。尽管如此,高收益默认周期已触底为越来越多的迹象。在我们的12个月前进预测中,我们认为违约趋势在三年内第一次比尾随率略高于拖尾率(见图3)。此外,行业调查答复的数据表明,投资者预计明年的高产基本面会恶化,但相信强势,技术驱动的需求将克服这一逆风并导致进一步传播压缩。
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虽然我们的一些模型大约在美国大约两年的经济扩张中,但货币政策中的错误可能会改变这一预测。上涨利率通常会减缓经济和企业盈利,特别是在首次徒步旅行后的第二次全年。它特别有关,那么,公司利润已经似乎已经减速了。经济扩张仍然似乎是坚实的基础,确实可能在未来几个月内加速,但是有迹象表明谨慎谨慎,特别是信贷投资者,特别是企业利润,因为美联储开始的公司利润速率归一化。
汤姆·帕克在San Francisco, is deputy chief investment officer of model-based fixed income, and Garth Flannery, in London, is a portfolio manager with the model-based fixed-income asset allocation group, both at黑石。
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