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Why I Go to Australia. A Lot.

美国和其他地方的形势非常严峻,这就是为什么我们需要花时间去了解一个地方,它已经设法弄清楚如何让人们为退休做好准备。

自2012年底以来,我去过澳大利亚14次。青少年。《泰晤士报》是我妻子告诉我这个事实的方式,随后她扬起眉毛说了一句话:“为什么?”

My answer — which invoked the time I chased kangaroos around a farm on an old motorbike — missed the mark. Thus I was asked to go away and come up with a better explanation for all the time I was spending Down Under, and why my flights to frozen Edmonton or searing Abu Dhabi and Muscat had been replaced with long hauls to Sydney and Melbourne.

But before I can explain Australia, I need to give some context. As I’ve mentioned before in this column, the entire planet is failing to prepare its rapidly aging population for retirement. For example, a 2011 study showed that only half of Americans would maintain their standards of living in retirement.

曾经提供退休保障的固定福利养老金由于其高昂的成本正在消失。固定缴款计划已被证明是不够的,因为人们没有足够的储蓄,往往作出错误的投资决策,他们的钱确实节省。美国和其他地方的形势非常严峻,这就是为什么我们需要花时间去了解一个地方,它已经设法弄清楚如何让人们为退休做好准备。

That place, in my view, is Australia. Its citizens save more money than people in other countries, and they invest what they save better than most.

在储蓄方面,澳大利亚建立了一个退休制度,以较低的政府成本实现高储蓄率。它通过将一个经过手段测试的公共系统与一个通过雇主供款获得高法定储蓄率的私人系统相结合来实现这一目标。

Today more than 90 percent of the country participates in a superannuation fund; employers contribute 9.5 percent of salaries to what are called super accounts (and that amount will grow to 12 percent in the next decade or so).

是的,授权是一件很难通过的事情,但澳大利亚将1992年的授权与大幅减税结合起来,使保守派更容易吞下这颗药丸。1996年,澳大利亚人的退休金储蓄约为2500亿美元,20年后,他们储蓄了2.2万亿美元,使澳大利亚成为养老金资产第四大国。

在投资方面,来自养老基金的资金墙迫使它们进行创新,以免落后于资产增长的步伐。因此,你实际上可以在内陆地区找到创新的养老金——这两个词通常不在一起。这导致了我喜欢的澳大利亚版养老金和机构投资。以下是我成为粉丝的几个原因。

一致性:超级基金有一个强烈的以成员为中心的导向,将个人幸福置于组织的一切之上。这不仅仅是口头上的。我不能告诉你,在一个会议上,听到投资专家谈论会员是多么令人耳目一新。

效率:超级基金坚信专业投资管理的成本太高。我最喜欢这一立场的地方是它的细微差别:尽管这些基金不愿支付太多,但它们仍能在基础设施和房地产等另类资产类别中找到大量投资的方法。他们管理资产不仅仅是为了最小化费用;他们尽量减少费用以获得最大回报。

专业性:养老金行业提供了一种集中投资的方式,为那些在固定缴款计划中储蓄的个人提供了一个机会,使他们有机会在一致的基础上受益于顶级投资人才。在美国,大多数固定缴款计划都是完全自主的,这意味着对投资一无所知的人会监督这些计划(是的,你)。

创新:超级基金存在竞争environment that sees bad funds go out of business. That’s extremely rare in this world, which generally gives pension funds a monopoly on fund assets, leaving them allergic to innovation (and thus vulnerable to private sector predations over time). In Australia the number of industry funds has shrunk by 76 percent over the past two decades; this means the funds have had to professionalize or die. Though I sometimes worry about the effect this competition has on the time horizon of investments, after five years of working with these funds I believe that the impetus to be creative that emerges from this competition outweighs any negatives.

综上所述,澳大利亚似乎找到了一个成功的退休秘诀,将政府低成本的高储蓄率与专业投资管理结合起来。在我看来,这是今天地球上最有趣的养老金和投资场所——比加拿大、荷兰或英国更有价值,这也是我花这么多时间飞越太平洋的原因。

Sorry, honey!