This content is from:文件夹
SEC和Finra零在高频交易中
High frequency trading strategies are behind at least 50 percent of all U.S. stock trades. Investment managers can expect the SEC to focus more on risks to ensure effective markets.
The director of the Security and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations, Carlo di Florio, tells Institutional Investor that his office – along with the office of Thomas Gira at the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority – is scrutinizing hedge funds and investment advisers that use high frequency trading strategies employing algorithms.
“一般来说,我们采用了对冲基金和投资管理人员的算法和高频交易请求的增加,”Di Florio说。他解释说,SEC正在寻找的信息倾向于在白皮书和高度敏感的文件中找到,因此各机构并不总是要查看专有的计算机代码。然而,他说,“我们专注于寻找对投资公众有风险的任何东西。”
越来越多地,算法正在推动交易状态。证券委员会对对冲基金和投资顾问有管辖权。芬兰没有。(GIRA是芬兰市场监管执行副总裁。)然而,他们都监督经纪人经销商并通过共享信息协调其监督。例如,他们看看算法如何对不同的市场条件以及公司使用的数据进行反应。
证券审查审查了投资顾问营销材料中宣布的策略,以确保他们并非偏离这些战略。当然,从事市场操纵的贸易公司升到顶端,Di Florio说,例如势头点火,商人将在他或她通过市场操纵中获利的轻型交易股票推动兴趣。
芬兰在8月中旬宣布欺骗案例:将小额限制订单放在完善国家最佳出价和报价(NBBO)的价格下,允许交易员通过在另一家公司执行更大的订单来利用更高的价格。执行保证在NBBO。一旦以人工膨胀的价格执行较大的顺序,交易所就会取消初始限制订单。
在这个特殊的例子中,欺骗性地影响了纳斯达克股市安全的价格。贸易商试图通过使用他11个未公开的外部经纪账户之一来隐瞒他不正当的交易活动;他被罚款了175,000美元,需要偿还171,740美元的赔偿,以便参与操纵交易活动。
这些机构有两个主要原因是zoing in on “algos” and high frequency trading strategies. One is the “flash crash” of May 6, 2010, after which SEC chairman Mary Schapiro said regulators were investigating whether traders manipulated prices, encouraged volatility or committed fraud by flooding the market with rapid-fire orders that were almost immediately canceled. The other is the SEC’s new hires. Di Florio says the agency has brought in Ph.D.s in mathematics and experts in econometrics and computer science. One high-powered new hire is former hedge fund manager Rick Bookstaber. Di Florio says: “Yes, there’s an irony — we either hear that the SEC lacks the expertise to do the job or, now that we’ve hired the expertise, there are complaints that we shouldn’t do the job.”
Di Florio说,SEC意识到它要求提供高度敏感的信息,并且它能够牢记智力财产权的适当协议,并遵守使用非公共信息的严格伦理准则。“我们对信息安全问题敏感,”他说。“我们的目标是市场诚信。”
证券员工可以用坚定的秘密走出门的想法让一些交易者出汗。“这是一个监管机构可以记住他在扫描中看到的东西的可能性,并以某种方式再次使用它,”詹姆斯·奥德达尔,前第二届副总裁兼华盛顿Nera经济顾问副总裁。
Di Florio says that with high frequency trading and algorithms being growing trends — with such trades now making up at least 50 percent of all U.S. stock trades – investment managers can expect the SEC to focus more on risks to ensure effective markets. “The flash crash brought high frequency trading and algorithms’ role into focus,” he says.
贸易商担心这种审查是冰山一角。“监管机构要求来自经纪人经销商和对冲公司的信息,”前秒经济学家逾期达到逾期。“似乎清楚的是他们正在调查可疑的市场活动。在交易股票中是否存在飙升,通常不会引起这种关注?“
逾期地说,秒常常扫描。“我没有得到它的印象,即它正在寻找具体的东西,但它更加教育。有一些过滤,他们削弱了哪种类型的公司,以提出要求,但重点是他们调查了市场发生的具体事物,他们并不是说什么。“
他说,这些信息可用于为电子交易创建新规则。