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IMF特别报告:IMF要求增长政策

国际货币基金组织周二表示,美国和欧洲经济体的增长局势困扰着失摊速度,促进了双重衰退的风险,而新兴市场正在失去一些浮力。

国际货币基金组织周二表示,美国和欧洲经济体的增长局势困扰着失摊速度,促进了双重衰退的风险,而新兴市场正在失去一些浮力。

基金世界经济前景是全球经济最全面的预测,为本周晚些时候在华盛顿举行的国际货币基金组织和世界银行的年度会议上涂了清醒的背景。The slowdown makes it all the more urgent for policymakers to take action to support growth, fund officials said, calling for bolder measures by the European Union to contain the bloc’s debt crisis, further unconventional monetary easing by the Federal Reserve and an acceleration of efforts by China and other emerging markets countries to stimulate domestic demand.

“全球经济进入了危险的新阶段,”国际货币基金组织首席经济学家奥利维尔·布兰安德(Olivier Blanchard)说。“需要强大的政策来改善前景并减少风险。”

国际货币基金组织今年的1.5%削减了今年的1.5%和2012年的1.8%,而其以前的2.5%和2.7%,只有三个月前削减了1.8%。基金经济学家认为欧元区今年增长1.6%,下一步1.1%,而以前比例为2.0%和1.8%。该基金将新兴和发展中经济体的增长预测削减到今年的季度至6.4%,2012年的6.1%。全球经济今年将增长4.0%,下一步是该基金项目。

The downgrade represents an official recognition of what markets have been signaling over the past few months. Most private-sector economists have been reducing their forecasts in recent weeks. J.P. Morgan predicts the U.S. will grow by 1.4 percent this year and just 1.2 percent in 2012; it puts global growth at around 3.5 percent both years.

The global recovery was already slowing earlier this year but the worsening of the European debt crisis and the deterioration in the U.S. economy, exacerbated by the political brinksmanship over the debt ceiling in July and early August, have dealt significant blows to confidence, fund officials say. “Markets have become more skeptical about the ability governments to stabilize their public debt,” said Blanchard.

欧洲的债务危机对世界经济带来了最大的威胁,并制定了基金经济学家的最强政策处方。世界经济展望呼吁欧洲政府迅速批准欧洲金融稳定设施的扩张,集团€4.40亿欧元的救助基金。欧盟领导人于7月份同意,增加设施的有效火力和一系列竞标,以防止债务危机困扰希腊,爱尔兰和葡萄牙蔓延到西班牙和意大利。此外,欧洲央行还呼吁欧洲央行继续购买欧洲政府债券,并削减目前为1.5%的基准利率,如果增长持续存在下行风险。

“The perception is that policymakers are one step behind the markets,” said Blanchard. “Europe must get its act together.”

基金官员试图希腊的债务问题,这是严重的,但还是要区分“突出地管理,”据资深经济顾问约尔格Decressin,和其他国家的困境。戴尔兰和葡萄牙正在履行欧盟国际货币基金组织救助部队的条款,·····西班牙和意大利最近采取了新的步骤来削弱他们的赤字。“我们仍然认为谈论欧元区的分手是疯狂的,”他说。尽管如此,Blanchard敦促欧盟领导人为潜在的希腊出口做好准备的应急计划。“戒指围栏需要政策,”他说。“这绝对是必不可少的。”

至于美国,国际货币基金组织的展望表示,美联储应该“立即立即部署更加强制支持”以维持增长。随着央行的政策制定的联邦公开市场委员会开始召开为期两天的会议,以考虑将一些大规模债券的持股转移到更长日期的证券,以努力推动长期汇率。

Fund officials also warned of the risk that in the wake of the August debt ceiling deal, U.S. fiscal policy would tighten too much in the short term without making the kind of reforms that would reduce deficits and debt over the long term. Getting the balance right isn’t easy, Blanchard conceded. “Fiscal consolidation cannot be too fast as it would kill growth,” he said. “It cannot be too slow as it would kill credibility.”

许多私人经济学家担心美国不会达到正确的平衡。J.P. Morgan的首席经济学家布鲁斯·卡士曼预测预算削减将减少未来一百分点的增长。“政策实际上可以在这里造成伤害,”他说。

国际货币基金组织展望包含一个单独的研究,表明股权价格的显着下降可以发挥西方经济经济衰退。据估计,近期股市下跌将在美国,17%的美国,17%的美国衰退的风险降低。

新兴市场继续以相对强劲的步伐增长,但先进经济体的弱点确实会造成风险。Blanchard表示,在新兴市场国家的中央银行,其中大部分都是在过去一年中缩短了对抗通胀压力的政策,可能在近期缓解政策。

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