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Money Laundering - Tech detectives
世界银行监管机构正在加强对洗钱的战争。不幸的是，甚至是法律遵循金融机构的攻击时间和金钱。
世界银行监管机构正在加强对洗钱的战争。不幸的是，甚至是法律遵循金融机构的攻击时间和金钱。
作者：John Wagley.
August 2001
亚博赞助欧冠机构投资者杂志
银行和经纪公司已被征集为第一道防御 - 一种高科技检测系统 - 识别可疑交易，特别是在处理外币并处理富裕客户时。根据美国银行保密法和其他国家的类似法律，金融公司必须提交关于大现金动作的报告，并呼吁当局对可疑的转移进行注意。这些规则有牙齿，正如纽约的美国信托公司上个月就签署了1000万美元的合规日期。
任务变得如此复杂和昂贵的that financial firms are increasingly relying on technology, both to file transaction reports and to finger the crooks. Indeed, no one seems to know the full costs of policing and deterrence. In recent congressional testimony, U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill admitted that his department hadn't figured out how much the U.S. government spends on money laundering investigations. A big bank spends $15 million a year to meet antilaundering requirements, says Charles Intriago, a Miami-based lawyer and publisher of the "Money Laundering Alert" newsletter. He says that the U.S. banking industry shells out hundreds of millions of dollars a year on compliance and countermeasures.
洗钱者已经成长了善于转动不良的收益 - 无论是药物销售或武器贩运还是政治腐败 - 进入现金替代品，如汇票或旅行支票。凭借其现金等价物的资金，他们可以去另一个国家，并将其融为仍然是其他地点，通常是各种货币。当总和最终撤销时，通常随着贷款或电子资金从合法的银行转移，他们的起源几乎不可能追踪。
The International Monetary Fund estimates that $590 billion flows each year through banking channels in ways that cover up criminal or terrorist activities.
The new defenses take the form of databases and analytical software, using advances in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition to screen customers' financial histories and scan their transaction records. It's all aimed at sniffing out the few illicit transactions from among the millions of legitimate ones before all hope of traceability is lost.
Deutsche Bank, for example, has gone so far as to develop its own high-powered screening technology. Thomas Obermaier, the head of risk management for the bank's global cash management business, says that he considered buying such systems from software houses, but Deutsche deemed the available products "too general" for its multinational requirements. "On the whole," Obermaier says, "vendors tend to lack banking and securities experience."
当然，供应商乞求不同。基于伦敦的搜索空间，将风险管理和合规软件提供给纽约银行和苏格兰皇家银行的软件，说其洗衣制度是一天梳理3000万笔交易，最近签署的客户尚未得到同意披露其名称。Searchspace的美国子公司首席执行官Konrad Feldman表示，他的公司正在销售“顶级金融服务组织”，用于零售，私人和记者银行部门。
无论是本土还是现成的，该技术都是在1970年的亮度之后，当银行保密法首次要求纸质报告10,000或以上的现金交易时。1990年，随着汇票的犯罪和这些报告的犯罪罪，我们将创建金融罪行执法网络。这个想法是使用技术来排序，通过文档来解决，并抵消洗钱者日益复杂的策略。
FINCEN及其在世界各地的同行经常分享信息和技术。跨国举措已达到金融行动工作队的威胁，由洗钱的金融行动工作队 - 12年前由七个工业化国家组成的29州组织 - 将经济制裁施加对不清理银行业的国家。埃及，尼日利亚，菲律宾和俄罗斯现在是现在的北极地区的边缘。
金融机构有两项防止洗钱的基本防御：评估在账户开放和监控和跟踪现有客户的交易时与客户进行业务的风险。
Deutsche Bank has designed a system to create a risk score when it is vetting the credentials of a customer opening a new account. Akin to the credit scores that help bankers decide whether to make a loan, risk scores are based on past business activities and other probability factors. But to be effective, the score has to be derived from good data.
Because the quality of commercial databases varies from country to country, Deutsche Bank prefers to rely heavily on information gathered through its 107-country banking network. "The information is reality-tested, because it is based on our own risk experiences," says Obermaier, a former attorney in the U.S. Justice Department's criminal division who joined Deutsche Bank in New York in 1996. "We also own the quality control since it includes information that we have tested. We know the source, have ascertained it is reliable and believe it to be of a certain quality."
该银行上个月去了它的系统的原型，为账户开放阶段。Obermaier说，最关键的挑战是为了证明该理论在实践中有效 - 数学算法产生准确的风险概率。
Deutsche Bank以前开发了适用软件，称为DB跟踪器，在银行关系到位后遵循客户。系统从每个交易体验中“学习”并自动调整风险分数。如果该得分通过临界点，它会触发调查。
奥比伯尔表示，自去年实施DB追踪者，德意志银行减少了从50至4人洗涤的全日制雇员的数量。他拒绝讨论该技术是否植根于犯罪分子，但表示它已检测到一些“异常活动”。
客户跟踪此类是两到三年的历史。第一个系统是静态的，仅仅是一定量的沉积物。“那些人的麻烦是，洗礼人员往往很聪明，”Searchspace的比尔德曼说。“他们可以相应地大小他们的交易。”技术人员通过更多“专业知识”的编程来回应，以认识到Skulduggery。
ACI WorldWide是内布拉斯加州奥马哈的交易系统架构单元，提供称为棱镜的跟踪产品，它使用一种被称为神经网络的人工智能。ACI产品开发首席Brian Fisher表示，棱镜跨越多个业务部门跨越多个业务部门的交易活动图片，这应该吸引大型多样化组织。“我们正在听到监管机构的一件事是银行应该看看完全的客户关系。无论是对记者账户，私人银行业还是经纪地区，我们都会从每个支付机制中获取饲料，”他补充道。
Prism zeroes in on what Fisher calls the first two stages of money laundering: placement, when money is deposited into an institution; and layering, when the money is circulated through multiple accounts. By the third and final stage, when the funds are fully integrated into and careering through the banking system, the perpetrators are beyond the reach of computerized intelligence.
技术专家强调，必须不断提高得分和跟踪方法，以保持犯罪分子。“洗钱策略与打击它的技术往往会发生变化，”国家欺诈中心，宾夕法尼亚州莱克姆·韦克斯集团的宾夕法尼亚州的兴趣组合的兴趣组合，对银行客户进行背景检查。“Baddies找到了一个系统的裂缝，我们需要调整。”
The bad news is that there are more baddies than ever - and plenty succeed in cleaning their money. Richard Rahn, a former chief economist of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, argues that antilaundering laws have had no noticeable impact on drug running, tax evasion, terrorism or other stated targets. Including bank compliance expenses, a money laundering conviction - of which there are fewer than 1,000 a year - costs the U.S. private and public sectors at least $10 million on average, Rahn estimates.
A self-described libertarian who heads Novecon Financial, a Washington-based consulting firm, Rahn recommends abolishing the laundering statutes; he contends that other laws can accomplish the desired ends at less cost. But he adds, "There is a need for the financial industry to devise systems to prevent fraud." They could be the launderers' worst enemy.
作者：John Wagley.
August 2001
亚博赞助欧冠机构投资者杂志
银行和经纪公司已被征集为第一道防御 - 一种高科技检测系统 - 识别可疑交易，特别是在处理外币并处理富裕客户时。根据美国银行保密法和其他国家的类似法律，金融公司必须提交关于大现金动作的报告，并呼吁当局对可疑的转移进行注意。这些规则有牙齿，正如纽约的美国信托公司上个月就签署了1000万美元的合规日期。
任务变得如此复杂和昂贵的that financial firms are increasingly relying on technology, both to file transaction reports and to finger the crooks. Indeed, no one seems to know the full costs of policing and deterrence. In recent congressional testimony, U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill admitted that his department hadn't figured out how much the U.S. government spends on money laundering investigations. A big bank spends $15 million a year to meet antilaundering requirements, says Charles Intriago, a Miami-based lawyer and publisher of the "Money Laundering Alert" newsletter. He says that the U.S. banking industry shells out hundreds of millions of dollars a year on compliance and countermeasures.
洗钱者已经成长了善于转动不良的收益 - 无论是药物销售或武器贩运还是政治腐败 - 进入现金替代品，如汇票或旅行支票。凭借其现金等价物的资金，他们可以去另一个国家，并将其融为仍然是其他地点，通常是各种货币。当总和最终撤销时，通常随着贷款或电子资金从合法的银行转移，他们的起源几乎不可能追踪。
The International Monetary Fund estimates that $590 billion flows each year through banking channels in ways that cover up criminal or terrorist activities.
The new defenses take the form of databases and analytical software, using advances in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition to screen customers' financial histories and scan their transaction records. It's all aimed at sniffing out the few illicit transactions from among the millions of legitimate ones before all hope of traceability is lost.
Deutsche Bank, for example, has gone so far as to develop its own high-powered screening technology. Thomas Obermaier, the head of risk management for the bank's global cash management business, says that he considered buying such systems from software houses, but Deutsche deemed the available products "too general" for its multinational requirements. "On the whole," Obermaier says, "vendors tend to lack banking and securities experience."
当然，供应商乞求不同。基于伦敦的搜索空间，将风险管理和合规软件提供给纽约银行和苏格兰皇家银行的软件，说其洗衣制度是一天梳理3000万笔交易，最近签署的客户尚未得到同意披露其名称。Searchspace的美国子公司首席执行官Konrad Feldman表示，他的公司正在销售“顶级金融服务组织”，用于零售，私人和记者银行部门。
无论是本土还是现成的，该技术都是在1970年的亮度之后，当银行保密法首次要求纸质报告10,000或以上的现金交易时。1990年，随着汇票的犯罪和这些报告的犯罪罪，我们将创建金融罪行执法网络。这个想法是使用技术来排序，通过文档来解决，并抵消洗钱者日益复杂的策略。
FINCEN及其在世界各地的同行经常分享信息和技术。跨国举措已达到金融行动工作队的威胁，由洗钱的金融行动工作队 - 12年前由七个工业化国家组成的29州组织 - 将经济制裁施加对不清理银行业的国家。埃及，尼日利亚，菲律宾和俄罗斯现在是现在的北极地区的边缘。
金融机构有两项防止洗钱的基本防御：评估在账户开放和监控和跟踪现有客户的交易时与客户进行业务的风险。
Deutsche Bank has designed a system to create a risk score when it is vetting the credentials of a customer opening a new account. Akin to the credit scores that help bankers decide whether to make a loan, risk scores are based on past business activities and other probability factors. But to be effective, the score has to be derived from good data.
Because the quality of commercial databases varies from country to country, Deutsche Bank prefers to rely heavily on information gathered through its 107-country banking network. "The information is reality-tested, because it is based on our own risk experiences," says Obermaier, a former attorney in the U.S. Justice Department's criminal division who joined Deutsche Bank in New York in 1996. "We also own the quality control since it includes information that we have tested. We know the source, have ascertained it is reliable and believe it to be of a certain quality."
该银行上个月去了它的系统的原型，为账户开放阶段。Obermaier说，最关键的挑战是为了证明该理论在实践中有效 - 数学算法产生准确的风险概率。
Deutsche Bank以前开发了适用软件，称为DB跟踪器，在银行关系到位后遵循客户。系统从每个交易体验中“学习”并自动调整风险分数。如果该得分通过临界点，它会触发调查。
奥比伯尔表示，自去年实施DB追踪者，德意志银行减少了从50至4人洗涤的全日制雇员的数量。他拒绝讨论该技术是否植根于犯罪分子，但表示它已检测到一些“异常活动”。
客户跟踪此类是两到三年的历史。第一个系统是静态的，仅仅是一定量的沉积物。“那些人的麻烦是，洗礼人员往往很聪明，”Searchspace的比尔德曼说。“他们可以相应地大小他们的交易。”技术人员通过更多“专业知识”的编程来回应，以认识到Skulduggery。
ACI WorldWide是内布拉斯加州奥马哈的交易系统架构单元，提供称为棱镜的跟踪产品，它使用一种被称为神经网络的人工智能。ACI产品开发首席Brian Fisher表示，棱镜跨越多个业务部门跨越多个业务部门的交易活动图片，这应该吸引大型多样化组织。“我们正在听到监管机构的一件事是银行应该看看完全的客户关系。无论是对记者账户，私人银行业还是经纪地区，我们都会从每个支付机制中获取饲料，”他补充道。
Prism zeroes in on what Fisher calls the first two stages of money laundering: placement, when money is deposited into an institution; and layering, when the money is circulated through multiple accounts. By the third and final stage, when the funds are fully integrated into and careering through the banking system, the perpetrators are beyond the reach of computerized intelligence.
技术专家强调，必须不断提高得分和跟踪方法，以保持犯罪分子。“洗钱策略与打击它的技术往往会发生变化，”国家欺诈中心，宾夕法尼亚州莱克姆·韦克斯集团的宾夕法尼亚州的兴趣组合的兴趣组合，对银行客户进行背景检查。“Baddies找到了一个系统的裂缝，我们需要调整。”
The bad news is that there are more baddies than ever - and plenty succeed in cleaning their money. Richard Rahn, a former chief economist of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, argues that antilaundering laws have had no noticeable impact on drug running, tax evasion, terrorism or other stated targets. Including bank compliance expenses, a money laundering conviction - of which there are fewer than 1,000 a year - costs the U.S. private and public sectors at least $10 million on average, Rahn estimates.
A self-described libertarian who heads Novecon Financial, a Washington-based consulting firm, Rahn recommends abolishing the laundering statutes; he contends that other laws can accomplish the desired ends at less cost. But he adds, "There is a need for the financial industry to devise systems to prevent fraud." They could be the launderers' worst enemy.