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对冲基金豪宅的死亡和生活
The money, ego, psychology, and outrage behind the controversial trend of urban mega-mansions.
沿着纽约市西村的鹅卵石街道走了一分钟,你可以及时运输一分钟。您在西第四街等蜿蜒街道上传递壮丽的18世纪和19世纪的布朗斯龙,住宅家与臀部,时尚的餐馆,情绪变得几乎宁静。这个城市为860万居民的居民在这片绿洲减缓,感觉较少狂热,难怪为什么这么多的闪光想住在这里。
富裕和着名的羊群到了西村。演员Matthew Broderick,Sarah Jessica Parker,James Spader和Glenn Close,作者Malcolm Gractwell,深夜会谈主持人Seth Meyers都居住在这里。
这也是城市主义Jane Jacobs住的附近,她在精彩书中描绘了伟大的美国城市的死亡和生活。She described “the intricate sidewalk ballet” on the narrow, serpentine streets of the West Village, where neighbors bump into and watch out for each other. It’s one of the only places in New York where you can truly get lost.
但所有人都没有和平的天堂。
对冲基金经理和私募股权泰坦的遗产是选择离开郊区,在西村和其他曼哈顿周边地区建造他们的巨型豪宅。如果对冲基金所有者已经赚取了数十亿 - 想象的鲍比阿克洛德(Damian Lewis),那么Showtime系列的虚构英雄数十亿- 没有更好的方法来展示他们的财富和成就,而不是在曼哈顿建造一个大规模的家园。但是,欢迎摇滚明星和首席执行官的邻居是在他们的新的,而不是非常睦邻的对冲基金邻居中划分。
A prime example arose recently when Steven Cohen opted to erect a house in New York. In 2012 thebillionaire founder萨克资本顾问,现在,POST72资产管理据报道,西村的145街145街支付了3880万美元。该块并不填充古朴的布朗斯音乐,而是拥有该地区少数剩余的停车库之一,Cooper Classic Cars,高端汽车维修店,以及一些风化,六层楼的漫步公寓。
科恩的房子将脱颖而出,成为唯一在宁静的街区上唯一的新五层住所,这些街区距离繁华的哈德逊街之外。
科恩本人也面临着相当大的争议。Prosecutors with the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, in conjunction with the FBI and the Securities and Exchange Commission, investigated SAC Capital for insider trading. The firm pleaded guilty, paid a massive fine, and shut down over the case, but Cohen was never personally charged. However, he agreed to stop investing outsiders’ funds for a time to settle with federal authorities.
当格林威治村社历史保存的执行董事安德鲁·伯曼(Andrew Berman)研究了Cohen的新大厦的建议,他被震惊了。“它看起来更像是一个护城河。它适用于贝弗利山或迈阿密的牛仔竞技。它有一个炫彩,堡垒,如审美。他说,它与邻居的角色不符。“(贝尔曼的组织监督西村和东村,共同组成Greenwich Village。)
虽然在完成后,房子将是五层楼,但这不是贝尔曼陷入困境的尺寸。块上的几座建筑物匹配该高度。贝尔曼也不摇摆Cohen’s tattered reputation。“我们从未反对一个基于谁的项目,但我们努力保持历史魅力和邻里的外观。这就是为什么大多数人被吸引并想要建造这些大,美妙的家园,“他解释道。
贝尔曼指出,科恩买到了它位于一个地标邻里的房产。“我们的唯一反对意见是设计视角,如何影响其受益的特殊和独特的魅力,”他说。
Indeed, many West Village residents are enamored of its historic and landmarked status. “We have many active supporters of preservation, who do a great job — whether hedge fund investors or other people — with huge amounts of resources,” Berman points out.
但科恩提出的家”显示了hubri程度s and lack of commitment to the social contract of what makes this neighborhood so desirable. Each person has to do their part to maintain its character, and it’s something that everyone benefits from. As far as we’re concerned, everyone’s welcome in this neighborhood, but managing the character of the neighborhood is important to everyone who lives here,” Berman says.
科恩的发言人拒绝评论本文。
但纽约市地标保存委员会(LPC)“在特定地区的背景下,评估新建筑的高度,规模,大规模,材料和一般组成,”LPC发言人说。“它是否与特定地区的历史和建筑特征有关系?”它确定新的联排别墅“将与华盛顿街西侧历史区以外的历史公寓楼的规模保持一致。”
科恩的新款浅色砖镇屋将有丰富的青铜框架窗户,露台瓷砖,青铜室,后花园和两个烟囱鸟。
当LPC在145架佩里街授权大楼时,它得出结论,“角球联排别墅对华盛顿和佩里街道的和谐,这些街道景观是商业鸽舍的混合,以及排屋和公寓楼的街道。”
Berman责备LPC以稀释其标准,而不是捍卫邻里建筑的神圣性。他说,它“已经更加接受了像这样的历史地区的字体侵入性。”
The local community board opposed the project, unsuccessfully. Berman’s has resigned to “wait and see” what effect the modern mansion has on the West Village landscape. He may need to get used to these scenarios.
对冲基金经理可以建立城市的Chateaus在曼哈顿的历史社区,这是世界上最昂贵的社区。根据亚博赞助欧冠富裕的清单,2017年四个对冲基金经理人均获得超过10亿美元,最高25辆净额为154亿美元。
对冲基金及其员工传统上选择了郊区家庭基地,被纽约市的高税收出来。但康涅狄格州不再是税收赔偿,而且falling home prices in Greenwich证明金融家从国家飞行。一些南方走了那including Tudor Investment Corp.’s Paul Tudor Jones, who bought a $71 million Palm Beach, Florida, estate in 2015, and now reportedly plans to make $6 million in renovations.
Many, if not most, of the New York mansions owned by hedge fund moguls are not their official domiciles, but rather billionaire pieds-à-terre. Cohen, for example, owns two East Hampton estates in addition to the Perry Street property, and remains a resident of Greenwich, Connecticut.
He did his future community a courtesy by identifying himself as the buyer behind 145 Perry Street. Others do not. In April,The Wall Street Journal据报道,以色列英国人的妻子 - 伦敦千年管理的创始人 - 使用了一信1000万美元的公园大道公寓。它往往无法确定谁正在制定一定的财产或建立兆瓦,解释曼哈顿上西侧的非营利组织执行董事肖恩·霍··斯坦迪解释道。大多数属性由有限责任公司或LLC拥有,掩盖实际所有者。“根本出来不是我们的事业,”Khorsandi承认。
他说,西部侧是该国的第二宗街区,之后的上东侧,但却是快速的居民。“我们变得越来越密集。居住在这里的人比在最后一个人口普查中,“他说。”并推动这种趋势的趋势更加符合所有的华尔街金融家和企业家 - 收购行房屋,并将它们转变为私人住宅。
只要LLC正在为一个家庭开发房子,“你可以把邻居推出,谁在一起多年来,”Khorsandi说。“更少的人生活在更多空间里,他们仍然想扩大房子。”最常见的是,装修计划包括“屋顶添加,后院延伸,以及降低子地窖,通常用于葡萄酒储存或家庭健身房”,“他说。一种后果是“在Zabar的”少数人购物“ - 这是一个标志性的犹太熟食店和较少的商业交通。造成织物和性格的损失。“
一些Wall Streeters keep extending their homes to meet their personal needs. For example, Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, the primary owner of the private investment company Millhouse, gained approval from the LPC to turn three townhouses on East 75th Street into one. Then he acquired a fourth brownstone, reconfigured the plans in 2017, and again got the go-ahead from the LPC, which decided that the new plans were “very respectful for the district overall.” Those townhouses contained 18 apartments before Abramovich renovated.
这有助于解释为什么Lynn Ellsworth,纽约克人总裁Lynn Ellsworth为人类规模的城市,非营利组织,对象对这些巨型豪宅的物品。“我们希望这些历史的地区充满活力,充满街头生活,所以你得到了全部城市体验,”她说。历史悠久的地区需要通过各种经济课程访问,而不是“只是绅士”,埃斯沃思说。“如果我们把它们变成空洞,那就是处理我们在曼哈顿的城市困境的最糟糕的方式,”她补充说,暗指城市经济适用的住房危机。“法律必须改变,所以很清楚谁实际拥有该物业,”她说。“这是民主社会应该如何运作的。”这种对法律的改变也会防止洗钱。
投资者愿望购买地标物业的根源是什么,often in secret, and build these mega-mansions? And at what cost to the sector’s reputation?
If the industry is grappling with these issues, it’s not at all apparent.
The Hedge Fund Association — the industry's not-for-profit trade and lobbying organization dedicated to “advancing transparency, development, and trust in alternative investments” — declined to answer questions directly and instead issued a statement.
“我认为是时间的最大因素,时间是金钱,”托尼·瓦多德罗副总裁兼奖金。“通过避免在格林威治和纽约市之间进行两小时的通勤,您可以分配这两个小时以提高生产力。”因此,对交易楼层靠近的海上乐队乐队能够让他能够“处理信息并迅速行动,以避免资本损失。许多交易商看着时钟周围的市场。这不是9比5的工作;“Armadro说,这是一个24小时的工作岗位。
写道的Leo BraudyThe Frenzy of Renown: Fame and Its History,调查为什么人们渴望臭名昭着,说这些大型房屋春天从“一个识别问题问题”。要被认可,而不是做某事的愿望,而不是做某事的愿望是。“
Braudy说,为对冲基金所有者,“这是自我被社会承认的自我。”通过对冲资助者,股票市场的恒定波动会给自己的生活带来梅尔梅利素,但这些房屋是由砖块和混凝土构成的,稳定,可以持续一生。他建议他们提供了双重目的:他们向人们展示了业主已制定并证明自我成就。建筑在西村或上西侧传达地位。“要被认可,你必须在一个可识别的阶段,”Braudy说。
即使有些邻居在超级房屋的前景处于前景,也不会被负面宣传阻止大多数对冲资助者。“对于一些人来说,infamy和名声一样好。它仍然是识别。每个人都注意到他,“Braudy解释道。
但Braudy表示,这种显着的消费在金融业上施放了一个颇尔。对冲资助者应该为他们的投资者赚钱,而不是主要排队自己的口袋。许多经理的表现相对较弱,使得光学甚至更糟糕,对个人而言也是整个行业。“如果你不太好,为什么要注意你的Profligate消费?”他奇迹。
玛丽格塞兰,亚特兰大的临床心理学家,他们已经治疗和研究过超丰富,表明从对冲救助者的问题看这些豪宅提升。与出生的人收购丰富的人,与出生的人相比,恰如其来的问题,坚持拟合的问题,保持他们出生的价值,并被接受他们是谁,而不是他们可以为他人做些什么。
她说:“突然的金钱综合症”经常罢工自我制造的富人。他们往往不知道如何处理他们的新发现的财富,并且对敌人的敌人不敏感。大多数时候,格塞姆说,超丰富的“买入一个邻里并试图加入一个反映他们新财富的社会群体”。讽刺意味着,尽管胜利的多英亩的庄园和隐私,但大多数都在城市环境中的“更多孤立”。富裕的富人必须与“个人安全”的问题相悖,以避免被抢劫或欺骗或操纵“,并且经常寻求Mega-Manion作为被别人利用的避难所。
Hedge funders who opt to live in the West Village and other urban neighborhoods are seeking a “walking neighborhood, with accessibility to neighbors and regular people,” Gresham says. “They’re tired of being isolated. It goes against our human nature. They seek a variety of people as opposed to only one kind. Most wealthy enclaves are very isolated and homogeneous.”
And yet she suggests that many ultra-rich tend to be tone deaf, pursue what they want, and fail to consider whether their mega-mansion blends into the environs. The entrenched neighbors may feel the mega-mansion “doesn’t belong. And there’s a lack of awareness on the part of the wealthy person on how he is impacting the people around him,” she says. Often the ultra-rich have “no empathy of the neighborhood, no feeling how their neighbors feel invaded if something that doesn’t belong there is now next door to them,” she says.
GRESHAM说,顶级收入者可以成为由下属和大多数想要某些东西的其他人迎合的“自我吸收”。“他们开始与更加情绪化的人更深入地失去联系。”
尽管如此,她说,超富有的是用一个唠叨的问题消耗了一个唠叨的问题:他们的加剧财富如何影响他们的孩子?在治疗中,格塞姆要求对冲资助者寻求建立一个城市豪宅,“有没有办法满足您的需求而不疏远周围的人?如何将他们需要的东西整合到您所需要的内容,以便您的孩子不会被视为外人?“这些问题经常袭击深度和弦,导致他们进行一些调整。她可能会问,“你能在一起买三个相邻的联排别墅,并在一起聚集它们,而不是开发一个像监视员一样伸出的巨型豪宅?”
Indeed, the married couple Sarah Jessica Parker and Matthew Broderick acquired two townhouses on West 11th Street for a reported $34.5 million and combined them into a 13,900-square-foot mega-mansion without causing a stir. Facebook’s first president and Napster co-founder Sean Parker added two five-story townhouses on West 10th Street to the adjacent townhouse he already owned.
搬入新街区的对冲资助者可能发生的最糟糕的事情将是“在社区中怨恨和鄙视”,格雷斯姆说。“什么比抛弃是什么?”为了避免这样的命运,她敦促超富有的刺激积极而不是破坏性的。“金钱是一个很好的资源,也许他们可以建立一个新的社区中心或制定邻里需要的新资源。”
事实上,在第42街的纽约公共图书馆的任何访客可能会感到一些感激之情Stephen Schwarzman, CEO of the Blackstone Group和图书馆的受托人。他对图书馆的惊人的1亿美元礼物帮助翻新和升级,促使安东尼马克思,图书馆系统的总统,将他描述为“在图书馆历史上的第二重要捐助者,安德鲁卡内奇之后。”
But the public-facing role of community benefactor may be a more natural fit for public CEOs like Schwarzman than for hedge fund managers. These two brands of business titan tend to operate differently, according to Michael Useem, a management professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School and author of领导者的清单。上市公司老总的行为更像当选的政治家,他说,认识到“他们的私人行为的推论是记者公平的游戏。”
对冲基金董事,相比之下,通常operate out of the public eye, and like it that way。“没有FishBowl,因此你可以做任何你想要的事情 - 没有问题,只要他们远离视线并远离可能想要一件你的人,”的使用者说。
The tendency of certain hedge fund owners to buy and build these mega-mansions reflects a cultural mindset. “The rules they live by, and the world they inhabit, involve spending well. If you have the money, buy expensive wines, ski in Utah, you can own two or three large homes. You have the money,” Useem says.
Mitchell Reardon is the experiments and project lead at Happy City, the Vancouver, Canada-based international consulting firm that advises community groups and governments on city design. He sees the macrocosm effects of hedge funders building mega-houses in urban communities.
“像格林威治村一样的邻里一件伟大的事情是您有相当多的少数人居住在一间小区,支持许多像伟大的餐馆和公园这样的设施,”Reden说。但是,如果你删除了六个公寓并用一个家庭替换它们,你可以获得一个“储蓄效果”,或者可以支持当地企业的居民,并且附近的遭受。
最终,这些巨大的家庭导致“街上的眼睛较少,”后卫说,这有助于较少生命力和社交性较少的社区。他参考Jane Jacobs,他写道,“我们是一个城市命令的幸运拥有者,使得保持和平相对简单,因为街上有很多眼睛。”
The problem transcends the streets of the West Villageand, indeed, Manhattan, says Rutgers University urbanist David Listokin. “It’s not just taking place in historical districts but also in places such as Chevy Chase, Maryland; Greenwich, Connecticut; and East Hampton, where land is valuable and you often have larger homes being built,” he says. “As you build more expensive homes, you’re raising the price point. You’re gentrifying an area and you have to be a hedge fund manager to live there.”
对冲基金经理甚至可能会为自己定价。Cohen去年得到了该市批准的五层秘密街道豪宅,并拆除了现有的建筑物。然后建造停止了。几个月,网站一直是一个缺点,空缺的洞。据科恩的建筑师说,“由于缺乏融资,该项目被停止。”