阴谋理论家问'谁拥有纽约喂养？'这是答案。

The question comes from foil-hatted conspiracists, good government advocates, and sober academics:谁拥有纽约美联储银行？

根据1913年的美联储法案，联邦储备制度的12个区域储备银行中的每一家都由其成员银行所有，他最初被摧毁了资本以保持运行。

他们订阅的资本股份数量基于每个成员银行资本和盈余的百分比。

但纽约福利 - 到目前为止，区域银行最重要的是，作为一项政策问题，此前没有披露其70多个成员银行的资本股份持股。纽约举行的纽约艾滋病女发言人在9月下拒绝发表关于此事的记录。

“To the best of my knowledge, we haven’t had a handle on who owns the capital stock of the New York Fed,” says Connie Razza, chief of campaign and policy at the Center for Popular Democracy, an advocacy group that has pushed for greater transparency.

Now, thanks to a Freedom of Information Act request filed late last year by亚博赞助欧冠那we know the truth.

II纽约向截至2018年底，截至2018年底，纽约为其成员的资本股票持股，以及每年返回2007年。该银行回应了其首都股票大师报告，股权汇编的副本成员银行，每个年份。

年底2018年末的大露出：花旗银行，名册1号机构持有8790万纽约美联储银行股份 - 或者总数的42.8％。

The No. 2 holder stockholder was JPMorgan Chase Bank, with 60.6 million shares, equal to 29.5 percent of the total. In other words, the two banks together control nearly three-quarters of the regional bank’s capital shares.

But does share ownership matter?

毕竟，每个银行只在选举银行董事（唯一股东责任）内只有一次投票，无论股票持股。纽约美联储不能交易，短缺或承诺作为抵押品。

没有人拥有纽约美联储的股票。股票长期支付了6％的股息。但这是2016年修订的支付;现在，在花旗银行和JPMORGAN等资产上拥有超过107亿美元的成员，获得了6％的股息或最近10年股权拍卖率的高收益率 - 截至今年早些时候的1.62％。

从花旗银行和jpmorgan，股权下降了一个陡峭的下降。Bulge Bracket竞争对手持续较少的股票，摩根士丹利银行拥有480万及其联盟摩根士丹利私人银行280万股，为纽约举行的3.7％的股份。

高盛银行美国拥有830万股，等于总数的4％，纽约梅隆银行持有720万股，或3.5％。

It may surprise observers that some big holders are affiliates of foreign banks: HSBC Bank USA, part of London-based HSBC Holdings PLC, owned 12.6 million shares, or 6.1 percent, of the New York Fed’s total. Deutsche Bank Trust Co. Americas was the owner of 1.7 million shares, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company 60,678 shares, for a combined 0.87 percent stake.

Mizuho Bank (USA), an affiliate of Tokyo-based Mizuho Financial Group, owned 819,344 shares. Industrial & Commercial Bank of China held 221,278 shares.

来自Cattaraugus银行的较小业主有一个较小的业主，举行180股，到Cayuga Lake国家银行，375。

Still, it用作另一个红旗对于那些有关的人，前两家银行占纽约美联储近四分之三的资本股份的人。

“看看是多么集中，”razza说道是令人惊讶的。“由于金融危机以来，这种不平衡的所有权没有太多变化：2007年jpmorgan拥有纽约美联储股票和花旗银行的41.7％36.6％，占78.3％。

股份所有权的数额在复杂的选举制度中缺乏明确的作用，确定纽约美联储董事会的化妆。

一种进修：九个人的NYFRB董事会分为三个三个成员。

银行选举三级董事代表自己的利益。同一家银行还选出三级B级董事代表公众的利益。三级C董事，包括纽约美联储主席和副主席，也被指定代表公共利益，并由华盛顿州长联邦储备委员会选出。

一个谜是为什么纽约美联储不会自由透露股权股票所有权，因为可以使用来自联邦存款保险公司和其他来源的公共数据的一些准确性来估计信息。

The peculiarity of these board elections may endow New York Fed stock ownership with more importance than is initially apparent, says economics professor Andrew Levin of Dartmouth College.

The member banks are divided into three categories – group one for banks with more than $2 billion in capital and surplus (like Citibank and Goldman Sachs Bank), group two for those with between $40 million and $2 billion (like Safra National Bank of New York and Bessemer Trust Company) and group three for banks with less than $40 million (like Tioga State Bank, and Brown Brothers Harriman National Trust).

集团一家银行投票投票给一个特定的指定阶层董事以及一级B级导演。第二届和三国银行的一组同样对一级A和B级董事同样投票。

“Given that the ballot has invariably had only a single candidate for each director, there’s room for doubt about whether some big banks might be playing a key role behind the scenes in selecting those candidates,” says Levin, who has served as a special advisor to the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. “There needs to be greater transparency about how that candidate is selected.”

莱文补充道:“没有人知道选择公关ocess may be subject to pressures or influences behind the scenes.” The process, he says, is “like a Soviet election.”

Why is the New York Fed freely disclosing the shareholding figures now?

作为一个私营机构的银行，在其网站上表示，它不受这样的FOIA请求亚博赞助欧冠- 虽然它说它会寻求遵守法律的精神，但在这种情况下它所做的。

Following the blowback from the 2008/09 financial crisis, there has been a reassessment of the New York Fed’s reflexive cloak of secretiveness, both internally and on the part of legislators. The opacity of the Wall Street bailout, via its takeover of American International Group, in particular elicited calls for more transparency.

The bank has moved toward greater openness. Minutes of New York Fed board meetings, for example, are now published – though often heavily redacted and long after the fact. The bank also releases the minutes of various advisory committee meetings that the New York Fed president oversees to keep apprised of market and economic developments. The daily schedules of the president are published too.

在透明度增加的服务中，纽约美联储在其网站上追踪它在2018年选择新任总统的过程，并在一些细节上解释它正在寻求的资格，命名它所订的搜索公司，并详细说明Winnowing候选人。批评者鼓掌。

And the newly elected New York Fed president, former San Francisco Fed president John Williams, in one of his first statements pledged openness and transparency.

“The Fed is facing a difficult challenge,” says George Selgin, director of the Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives at the Cato Institute in Washington, D.C. “It’s trying to become more transparent while its operations become more complex. That’s difficult trick to pull off.”

There may just be other forces at work.

Wall Street bashed Williams for an earlycommunications misstep。回购市场的动荡并没有帮助他的身体。

A tide of Twitter-based criticism from the White House may be having an impact. President Donald Trump criticized the Fed as “boneheads” for not reducing the Federal Funds target rate further than it has, and singled out Williams for ridicule.

总而言之，中央银行的独立性受到挑战。

The New York Fed needs goodwill right now. Opening the books on who owns its stock is not a bad way of getting some.