Bruce Blythe, for CME Group
AT A GLANCE
- “为什么国家失败”作者讨论了包容机构与经济增长之间的联系，为什么Covid-19可能对国家 - 社会关系产生长期影响
- ·MIT经济学教授Daron Acemoglu获得2020年CME Group-Msri奖
土耳其的Daron Acemoglu的青年在经济学和政治之间的境内课程中生产了早期课程。
In September 1980, Acemoglu was living in Istanbul and had just turned 13 when the Turkish military launched a coup that overthrew the civilian government. Scenes of soldiers in the streets and a general climate of chaos and fear remain fresh in Acemoglu’s mind. One particular takeaway from that experience has informed Acemoglu’s work ever since: a society requires trustworthy, inclusive institutions if democracy is going work.
“Politics and economics are inseparable,” said Acemoglu, the winner of the 15TH.CME Group-MSRI在创新的定量应用中奖。Political-economic dynamics, “help determine whether democracy will function… and have a major effect on potential growth and prosperity. Inclusive institutions are more likely to have growth, and, most importantly, such inclusive economic institutions can’t exist separately from political institutions.”
Acemoglu, a Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has taken big-picture views and deep-dives into an array of complex subjects, including economic development, inequality, labor economics and the economics of networks. His five books include 2012’s“为什么国家失败：权力，繁荣和贫困的起源，”共同撰写詹姆斯罗宾逊。
“我们很高兴认识到Daron Acemoglu教授，”莱奥议员在CME集团的Emeritus主席和CME Group-Msri奖的创始人议员中发表了一句声明。“他的开拓工作，特别是在适用于商业和经济学的大数据和网络中，对我们的行业具有重要应用。”
covid加速社会，政治动态
与伯克利基于伯克利的数学科学研究院合作的CME Group-MSRI奖，认识到个人“谁在数学，统计或计算方法中为市场行为和全球经济学研究的原始概念”（七个过去14名接受者后来获得诺贝尔经济科学奖）。
Acemoglu荣获5月5日a virtual event hosted by CME Group。几个其他杰出经济学家在包括大数据和业务决策中的人工智能和经济学的主题的活动特色特色。
自2008年的金融危机以来，acemoglu说，越来越不平等和对机构的不平等，在塑造世界时发挥了重要作用，以及一些问题“为什么国家失败”变得更糟，通过Covid-19大流行进一步加剧了。
阅读更多关于Daron Acemoglu的有关CME Group-MSRI奖的赢家
在 ”Why Nations Fail,”Acemoglu and co-author Robinson argue that wealthy countries become so primarily because of “inclusive” political and economic institutions, such as secure private property and unbiased systems of law. In “extractive” countries, ruling elites exclude the majority of people from income distribution and the political decision-making process. Often, countries on either extreme share borders, with North and South Korea and the U.S. and Mexico cited as examples.
不平等在美国和欧洲已经increasing for 40 years, and, more recently, many countries have seen a “backsliding” of democratic norms or breakdowns in social safety nets, he said. Authoritarian rhetoric and political polarization have further eaten into trust in institutions.
“Western societies were suffering from many important problems long before the pandemic,” said Acemoglu, who was born in Istanbul to Armenian parents. COVID-19 “has been a great accelerator for some of these dynamics, both good and bad. It’s going to make this decade much more turbulent in terms of state-society relations.”
Seeking Answers for Rich-Versus-Poor Question
The question of why some countries are poor and others rich “has puzzled social scientists for centuries, but it is only recently that we have the methodological tools to answer such questions,” said Robinson, who, in addition to“为什么国家失败，”与Acemoglu共同撰写过另外两本书。
“德隆一直处于最前沿，并从根本上重新定向职业，远离文化和地理的论据，朝着专注于政治和机构的人，”罗宾逊补充道。亚慱体育app怎么下载
Simon Johnson是MIT Sloan Management学院的创业教授，Acemoglu也在曲线上审查了某些类型技术的“过度投资”，例如人工智能，正在破坏中产阶级。
Johnson described Acemoglu as a clear thinker who’s “equal-opportunity” tough on his and everyone else’s ideas and not shy about grilling presenters and speakers with constructive and friendly questions. After Acemoglu and Johnson worked together at MIT, Johnson, in 2007-08, served as chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.
“与达尔一起工作是对这种公共角色的最佳准备，因为我学会了很多与他在经济发展中的更深层次的潜在问题上工作，”约翰逊说。“当你说服德隆与你写一篇论文时，那么面对世界领先的金融部长，并采取他们的难题是一块蛋糕。”
金融市场的主要角色
What’s the best way to respond to a pandemic, based on what we know now? There’s not complete agreement on that question, Acemoglu said, but part of the answer involves having ample state “capacity” for collecting data on the population, testing, distributing vaccines and other critical steps. Executing on these steps goes back to the question of trust, which may vary, depending on the country.
“你需要信任国家机构，你需要一些保证或保证，国家可以承担额外的力量，而不是将其变成一个专制的力量抓取，”Acemoglu说。
由于世界从大流行中出现，全球金融市场是另一个将在重建经济和民主国家发挥关键作用的另一个机构，acemoglu说，但在那里，信任也是至关重要的。
在2008年金融危机之后测试了这一信任。一些大银行的联邦救助促进了公众看法，即经济利益“被捕获”，Acemoglu说，进一步侵蚀了在机构的信任并创造了一个激烈的反响，当今激烈的反响。
可以做些什么来预防或至少减轻另一个这样的危机？
“它回到了健康的市场经济的正确监管环境，”Acemoglu说。“现在很容易这样说，但最好的政策是那些阻止危机首先的政策。”
“Finance is a very important part of the modern global economy. It’s very important for global flows of capital and talent,” he added. “The devil is in the details. How the global financial markets work, and what sort of regulatory environment those markets operate in, is going to be very important in the decade ahead. When the next crisis comes, that’s really when you need that trust capital.”